The main aim of this article is to explore social innovation in maritime spatial planning.

Instances of social innovation are assessed across three sectors in the Dutch North Sea: the offshore wind energy, the offshore mussel cultivation and the offshore seaweed farming.

The assessment shows that, while existing systems of social innovation are favourable to the offshore wind expansions, the barriers to grow for the offshore mussel sector include low willingness to change within the sector, and disadvantageous governmental support to change. The offshore seaweed farming is in a stage of re-organisation of not yet developed regulations, rules and norms for production offshore and enhanced cooperation, with unsure outcomes.

Soma K, van den Burg SW, Selnes T, van der Heide CM. Assessing social innovation across offshore sectors in the Dutch North Sea. Ocean & coastal management. 2019 Jan 1;167:42-51.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2018.10.003